Saudi Arabia’s second-largest city, Jeddah has played a dual role throughout its history. Located on the eastern shores of the Red Sea, it was a major port for Indian Ocean trade routes starting in the seventh century. It also became a historically important gateway for Muslim pilgrims arriving by sea on their journey to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina—a role that continues to this day. A modern multicultural city, Jeddah’s heritage can still be experienced in the distinctive architecture and bustling souks of its historic Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.