What is the most populous city in Europe?

Among the most populous cities in Europe are Istanbul, London and Berlin. Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is a bustling metropolis with a population of nearly 16 million people. The city boasts a fascinating blend of ancient and modern attractions, from the iconic Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque to the radiant Grand Bazaar and the scenic Bosphorus waterfront. London is a vibrant city teeming with history and culture and full of world-class museums, lively markets and charming neighborhoods. Berlin is a spirited city renowned for its rich history, diverse culture and dynamic arts scene.

What's the smallest European country?

The smallest country in Europe is the enchanting microstate of Vatican City. Nestled within the heart of Rome, Vatican City is a treasure trove of art, history and spirituality. Despite its tiny size, it holds immense significance as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church.

What's the oldest European country?

The oldest country in Europe is Bulgaria. With a history that dates to the 7th century, Bulgaria is a land of ancient traditions and rich cultural heritage. Visitors can explore the region’s most beloved landmarks, including the crimson-hued Opera House, the Monument of Liberty, the neoclassical Theater and Concert Hall and more.

What are the longest rivers in Europe?

The longest rivers in Europe are the Danube River and the Volga River. The Danube River, spanning 2,850 km (1,770 mi), flows through ten countries, including Germany, Austria and Hungary. A voyage along the Danube River is sure to be full of captivating experiences, from exploring medieval castles and savoring local wines to simply enjoying picturesque landscapes. \u0026nbsp; \n\u0026nbsp; \nThe only river longer than the Danube River is the Volga River, stretching over 3,692 km(2,294 mi) through Russia.

What's the highest and most prominent peak in Europe?

The highest and most prominent peak in Europe is Mount Elbrus. Located in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia, this majestic peak stands at 5,642 m(18,510 ft) above sea level.

Be inspired by Europe’s history & culture

Discover the storied cities and signature old-world charm of Europe. Read on to learn more about the countries that comprise this diverse region and delve into the unique experiences that await you in Italy, France, Germany and beyond. Trace the history of an iconic Swiss dish, uncover some common misconceptions about Spain’s siesta tradition and explore the powerful legacy of Normandy’s beaches.

Europe

Europe, the second smallest of the world’s continents, is a treasure trove of natural beauty and historical significance. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Europe is home to 44 countries, including England, Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Spain, Greece and many others. Each country offers its own rich history and unique landscapes, from the snowy peaks of Austria and Switzerland in the Alps to the sunny beaches of the French Riviera and the Adriatic Sea. The climate varies greatly, with temperate conditions in the west, Mediterranean climates in the south, and colder, more continental climates in the east and north.

Over the centuries, Europe’s rich culture has been reflected in its music, art, architecture and cuisine, which have had a profound influence on the world. The continent is known for its remarkable landmarks and ancient sites, such as:

The Eiffel Tower—Located in Paris, France, this iconic structure is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world.
The Colosseum—This ancient amphitheater in Rome, Italy, is a testament to the grandeur of the Roman Empire.
The Acropolis—Situated in Athens, Greece, this ancient citadel is home to several significant historical buildings, including the Parthenon.
The Alps—Stretching across several countries, including France, Switzerland and Austria, the Alps offer breathtaking natural beauty and are a popular destination for skiing and hiking.
The Louvre Museum—Located in the heart of Paris, the Louvre is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument.
La Sagrada Família—This large, unfinished Roman Catholic basilica in Barcelona, Spain, is a masterpiece of architect Antoni Gaudí.
Stonehenge—This mysterious monument in Wiltshire, England, is one of the world's most famous prehistoric landmarks.
Geirangerfjord—Norway’s stunning, UNESCO-listed fjord is one of Europe’s most cherished natural treasures and home to majestic waterfalls that can be visited even in the winter.

Europe’s diverse landscapes and climates, combined with its rich cultural heritage, make it a fascinating year-round destination for travelers from around the world. Whether exploring cosmopolitan cities, the picturesque countryside or historic landmarks, visitors are sure to be captivated by the continent's charm and beauty.

Cuisine—The history of Swiss fondue

Few things are as comforting as a piping-hot meal of fondue. This deceptively simple dish of cubed bread dipped in warm, melted cheese was declared the national dish of Switzerland during the 1930s. In the years since, this culinary delight has grown from humble entrée to worldwide indulgence.

The origins of fondue can be traced to 18th-century Switzerland, when families in Alpine farm villages invented the dish to use up their stale bread, excess cheese and day-old wine. Dipping the hardened bread into the cheese made it soft and delicious once more, while heating the wine along with the cheese enhanced the flavors of both ingredients. From these unassuming origins grew a beloved winter tradition.

Throughout Switzerland, various regions boast their own favored fondue iterations. In Valais, for example, Gruyère is often mixed with raclette, whereas those in Bern prefer to blend their Gruyère with Emmental (i.e., what most Westerners call “Swiss cheese”). No matter how it is prepared, you are sure to enjoy the delicious, indulgent flavors of this classically Swiss combination.
Culture—The Spanish siesta tradition

Here is a scenario that might be familiar to many a traveler in Spain. Having spent the morning exploring some charming village, you decide around noon that a cool glass of sangria and a savory bocadillo sandwich may be just what you need. But none of the restaurants seem to be open. It might occur to you that things have shut down for the siesta, the traditional afternoon nap that is still observed in many parts of Spain. But, that would not be technically correct.

Most restaurants in Spain don’t open until about 2:00 PM, when businesses close for the long midday break called mediodía (midday). Spaniards usually have a light breakfast followed by a late-morning snack called an almuerzo. Around 2:00 PM comes la comida, the largest meal of the day, which can be a three-course social affair, perhaps with wine. The actual napping, the siesta, comes after this heavy meal and lasts for only about 15 minutes. Workers may return to work after their comida or siesta and finish by 8:00 PM. They may then visit a tapas bar for drinks and snacks before the last meal of the day, the light supper called la cena, served between 9:00 and 11:00 PM.

While many foreigners have uncharitably labeled the Spanish as “lazy” because of their siestas, Spaniards actually work longer hours than their European counterparts and get less sleep. In fact, midday naps have been a part of many cultures for thousands of years, particularly those in warmer climates where the populace needed rest and shelter from the noontime sun. Yet, despite ample scientific evidence that napping is good for productivity, cardiac health and emotional well-being, the siesta tradition could soon be put to permanent rest.
History—A pilgrimage to the Normandy beaches

The Normandy beaches, famously etched into history on June 6, 1944, during the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France, hold a unique place in the hearts and minds of visitors today. Walking along the revered shores of Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword, the remnants of D-Day serve as a powerful testament to the bravery and sacrifice of countless soldiers.

Along the beaches are poignant reminders of the monumental events that unfolded here. Among the most striking are the rusted remains of German bunkers, guns still aimed at the empty beaches and the abandoned Mulberry Harbor. A visit to these sobering sites offers travelers a rare opportunity to experience history on such a visceral level.

A short distance from the beaches, you will find the church of Sainte-Mère-Église, which served as a makeshift field hospital during the invasion. This is also where American paratrooper John Steele’s parachute was famously caught on the church’s steeple, making it a special place to remember the brave paratroopers of the Allied forces. Today, the D-Day beaches remain a storied landmark where one can reflect on the impact of this historic event on the course of world history.

Europe Highlights

Europe’s treasures reveal themselves in countless ways—from the breathtaking fjords of Norway to the storied shores of antiquity along the Mediterranean. Home to iconic cities like Venice, Vienna, Copenhagen, Prague and Dublin, as well as charming medieval villages, this is a continent best explored via its waterways. Here are a few of the highlights you may experience on a European journey: